The strongest topical depigmenting agent. Inhibits tyrosinase and exerts cytotoxic effects on melanocytes. Prescription-only in many countries.
Topical application
AProven efficacy. Two or more independent RCTs with instrumental endpoints.
Meta-analyses confirm superiority over other depigmenting agents for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Kligman's triple combination (hydroquinone + tretinoin + corticosteroid) is the gold standard for melasma treatment.
2–4% (prescription in most countries)
Irritation potential
MediumAllergen risk
ModeratePregnancy
AvoidFor sensitive skin
Prolonged use (>6 months) without breaks can cause ochronosis – irreversible skin darkening. Used in 3–4 month cycles with rest periods.
Suitable for
Use with caution
Hydroquinone is not recommended during pregnancy. Consider an alternative from the same category.
Hydroquinone suits: normal, combination, oily. Use with caution in: sensitive, dry.
Hydroquinone has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.
The strongest topical depigmenting agent.
The INCI name is Hydroquinone. It may also appear as: Benzene-1,4-Diol.
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2–4% (prescription in most countries)