Menaquinona (vitamina K2)

menaquinone (vitamin K2) is evaluated for the following indications with varying evidence strength: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (evidence tier D), Anti-aging, longevity, and quality-of-life enhancement in healthy adults (evidence tier F), Cardiovascular calcification prevention (evidence tier F). See the full indication matrix with dosing and citations above on this page.

Common side effects of menaquinone (vitamin K2) (≥ 1 in 100): Side effects at standard doses are rare. See the Safety section for uncommon and serious reactions.

FDA category C. Pregnancy data are insufficient. Vitamin K at physiological doses from dietary sources is safe. Supplemental K2 in pregnancy is not recommended.

Low K2 content in breast milk is physiological. Newborns routinely receive a single dose of vitamin K1 to prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Maternal K2 supplementation does not affect infant status.

menaquinone (vitamin K2) is contraindicated in: Concomitant warfarin therapy – requires anticoagulant dose adjustment; Hypersensitivity to components; Severe hepatic impairment. Full list in the Safety section.

large RCTs did not confirm an effect on cardiovascular morbidity or mortality. Marketing outpaces science.

D3+K2 combinations in supplements are a marketing approach. Evidence that concurrent intake improves vitamin D effects or prevents hypercalcaemia is absent. In patients on adequate D3 doses with a varied diet, additional K2 is not needed.

MK-7 has a longer half-life and is more convenient. Clinical advantages over MK-4 in the general population are not proven. Japanese osteoporosis guidelines actually use MK-4.