naloxone

naloxone is evaluated for the following indications with varying evidence strength: Opioid overdose (evidence tier A). See the full indication matrix with dosing and citations above on this page.

Common side effects of naloxone (≥ 1 in 100): Acute opioid withdrawal syndrome: tachycardia, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, sweating, agitation, Return of pain in patients on opioid analgesia. See the Safety section for uncommon and serious reactions.

In an opioid overdose during pregnancy, naloxone is administered — fetal hypoxia risk exceeds the risk of precipitated withdrawal. Standard protocol applies.

Compatible with breastfeeding.

naloxone is contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to components (extremely rare — does not justify withholding in opioid overdose). Full list in the Safety section.

widespread distribution of intranasal naloxone has reduced opioid overdose mortality in the US and Europe. There is no evidence base for 'moral hazard' in this area.

intranasal naloxone is specifically designed for bystander use; OTC in the US since 2023.